There are about 25 species in this family of small turtles found across North, Central, and South America. They are usually found in freshwater habitats like ponds, rivers, and marshes.

These turtles have hard, domed shells that protect them from predators. Many can also release a strong-smelling musk when threatened—a natural defense that keeps enemies at bay.

Mud and musk turtles are mostly carnivores, snacking on insects, worms, small fish, and other aquatic animals, though some nibble on plants too.

They move slowly and spend much of their time hiding under mud, leaves, or rocks. Some species are territorial, with males guarding their small patches of water from rivals.

Most species are only 4–6 inches in length and can live for several decades in the wild.

Though secretive and hard to spot in muddy waters, these turtles play a crucial role in their ecosystems, helping keep insect and small animal populations in check.