There are eight species in this family of birds. They are found across sub-Saharan Africa.

Guineafowl are medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds that measure 17–24 inches (43.2–61.0 cm) in length. They have small, rounded heads; bare heads and necks; short, rounded tails; strong legs; curved bills; and pear-shaped bodies. Most species have dark gray or black feathers covered with white spots.

Some species, such as the Vulturine Guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum), have striking blue-and-black feathers on their necks and chests. Others, such as the Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris), have a bony casque, or “helmet,” on top of their heads.

Guineafowl eat seeds, insects, spiders, snails, and other small invertebrates. They roost in trees at night but build their nests on the ground, where the female lays her eggs in a shallow scrape hidden among grasses or shrubs.

Although guineafowl can fly for short distances, they are excellent runners and usually escape danger by running. In many parts of the world, especially the Helmeted Guineafowl, they have been domesticated and are raised for their meat and eggs.