The Steatornithidae family includes only one species, the oilbird (Steatornis caripensis).

Oilbirds are unusual, nocturnal (active at night) birds that live in tropical forests of northern South America and parts of Central America. They are famous for nesting in dark caves, where they gather in large groups. Because they are active at night, oilbirds use a special kind of echolocation (sound echoes) to help them navigate in the dark—this is very rare among birds.

Unlike most night birds, oilbirds do not hunt insects or animals. Instead, they are one of the only nocturnal, fruit-eating birds in the world. They fly long distances at night to find fruit, especially from oil palm and other tropical trees.