There are around 83 species in this order of fish, commonly known as toadfish or frog fish, found in one family, Batrachoididae. They get their name because their wide, flat heads and big mouths make them look a bit like toads. Their name comes from the Greek word for frog, batrakhos.
Most of the fish in this order have no scales, eyes on the top of their heads, and large mouths. They are usually drab in color and can range in size from 3 to 22 inches (7.5-57 cm) in length.
These fish are usually found in warm, shallow coastal waters around the world, especially along sandy or muddy ocean bottoms. Rather than swimming constantly, toadfishes prefer to stay still and hidden. They may even bury themselves in the sand with just their eyes sticking out, allowing them to ambush prey such as small fish and crustaceans.
Toadfish can make sounds by vibrating special muscles attached to their swim bladder (a gas-filled sac inside the body). They can produce grunts, hums, or croaks. Scientists believe these sounds are used for communication, especially during mating.
Toadfishes are also known for their excellent camouflage, which helps them blend into their surroundings. Some species even have venomous spines that protect them from predators.
NHPBS inspires one million Granite Staters each month with engaging and trusted local and national programs on-air, online, in classrooms and in communities.